Tomato (tomato) is a widely grown vegetable crop. Its cultivation technology involves multiple links. The following are the detailed cultivation points:
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###** 1. Variety selection **
1. ** Select according to purpose **
- ** Fresh tomatoes **: Choose varieties with thick flesh and moderate sweetness (such as 'Big Pink Fruit' and 'Holy Girl Fruit').
- ** Processing tomatoes **: Select varieties with thick rind and high solids content (such as 'red agate').
2. ** Disease resistance **: Priority should be given to varieties resistant to blight and yellow leaf curl virus (TY virus).
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###** 2. Seedling technology **
1. ** Seed treatment **
- ** Soak seeds **: Soak in warm water at 50℃ for 15 minutes (sterilization), and then change to warm water at 30℃ for 6-8 hours.
- ** Germination of germination **: Remove it and place it in an environment of 25-30℃, and sow it after the white is exposed.
2. ** Nurturing substrate **
- Peat soil: vermiculite: perlite =3:1:1, or use disinfected pastoral soil + decomposed organic fertilizer.
3. ** Planting and Management **
- The sowing depth is 0.5cm and the temperature is maintained at 25-28℃ (drops to 20-25℃ after emergence).
- Pay attention to controlling water at seedling stage to prevent excessive growth. Spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for strong seedlings.
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### ** 3. Planting technology **
1. ** Soil preparation and fertilization **
- Apply 3-5 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer, 50kg of calcium superphosphate, and 20kg of potassium sulfate per mu to deeply dig the soil.
- Make high ridges (1.2m wide and 20cm high) and cover them with plastic film (black film suppresses grass and silver film drives aphids).
2. ** Planting density **
- ** Infinite growth type **: Row spacing is 60cm, plant spacing is 40cm, and 2,000 - 2,500 plants per mu.
- ** Limited growth type **: row spacing is 50cm, plant spacing is 30cm, and 3,000 - 3,500 plants per mu.
3. ** Post-colonization management **
- Pour thoroughly root-fixing water to keep the soil moist during the seedling period.
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###** 4. Field management **
1. ** Water and fertilizer management **
- ** Watering **: Keep the soil moist during the fruiting period and avoid sudden drying and wetting (to prevent fruit cracking).
- ** Top dressing **:
- When the first ear of fruit expands: apply 10kg of urea +15kg of potassium sulfate per mu.
- Full-fruit period: Top dressing every 10-15 days, and foliar spraying calcium fertilizer to prevent umbilical rot.
2. ** Plant adjustment **
- ** Trim branches alone **: Keep the main branch and remove all lateral branches (suitable for high-yield cultivation).
- ** Double trunk pruning **: Keep the main branch and the lateral branches under the first inflorescence (suitable for open field cultivation).
- Tapping in time (unlimited growth type retains 5-6 ears of fruit and picks).
3. ** Protect flowers and fruits **
- When the temperature is higher than 30℃, spray flowers with 10-15mg/kg of anti-falling compound, or vibrate pollination.
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### ** 5. Pest and pest control **
1. ** Common diseases **
- ** Early blight **: Spray mancozeb or azoxystrobin.
- ** Late blight **: Use cymozil, manganese zinc or methylomorpholine in the early stage of the disease.
- ** bacterial blight **: rotation + grafting ('Torubam' for rootstock).
2. ** Common pests **
- ** Whiteflies/aphids **: Hang yellow plates and spray imidacloprid or avermectin.
- ** Bollworm **: Use Bt preparation or chlorantraniliprole.
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### ** 6. Harvest **
- ** Fresh tomatoes **: Harvest when the fruit surface turns 80% of its color (long-distance transportation can be earlier).
- ** Processed tomatoes **: Harvest when fully ripe.
- ** Seed retention **: Select healthy fruits, ferment and harvest seeds, dry and store them.
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#### ** 7. Precautions **
1. Avoid continuous cropping and rotate with gramineae or leguminous crops for more than 3 years.
2. Pay attention to shade during the hot season, and drain water in time to prevent waterlogging during the rainy season.
3. Facility cultivation requires strengthening ventilation and controlling humidity (60-70%).
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Through scientific cultivation and management, tomato yield per mu can reach 5,000 - 8,000 kg (facility cultivation can reach more than 10,000 kg). Selecting suitable varieties according to the local climate and market, and focusing on comprehensive pest control is the key to achieving high yield and high quality.
